How to Backup Your Files Properly: The 3-2-1 Rule and What to Buy

External hard drives and SSDs are still the most reliable backup solution for important files. Here's what to buy and how to set up a backup system that actually works.

HDD vs SSD for Storage

External HDD

Cheaper per GB ($20-40 for 2TB). Slower. More susceptible to physical damage (spinning platters). Best for large backups stored at home.

External SSD

Faster, more durable (no moving parts), more portable. $60-100 for 1TB. Best for working files and portable storage.

The 3-2-1 Backup Rule

3 copies of important data. 2 different storage types. 1 offsite backup. Example: working files on laptop + external HDD at home + cloud backup (iCloud, Google Drive, Backblaze).

What to Back Up

• Photos and videos (irreplaceable)
• Documents (contracts, tax returns, IDs)
• Work files
• Browser bookmarks and passwords
• App data and preferences

Automation is Key

Backups only work if they're automatic. Time Machine (Mac) and File History (Windows) run continuously in the background. Set these up and forget them.

Checking Your Backups

A backup you've never tested is not a backup. Quarterly: restore one file from your backup to verify it works.

Cloud Backup Services

Backblaze ($9/month, unlimited storage) is the most recommended for whole-computer cloud backup.